Poniżej znajdziecie świetną infografikę, które pomoże Wam znaleźć odpowiedź na powyższe pytanie.
Friday, March 16, 2012
Aplikacje Mobilne - statystyki
Poniżej znajdziecie świetną infografikę, które pomoże Wam znaleźć odpowiedź na powyższe pytanie.
Sunday, March 11, 2012
Internationalization of Internet Companies - Does it fit the I18N model?
Although the theory of the gradual internationalization of firms has been widely studied and supported by researchers, very little is known about the internationalization of electronic commerce firms. To address the issue more effectively, Kim (2003) has conducted a study in the context of Internet firms that are engaged in only online business.
Classic Theories
Classic Theories
According to classic theories, e.g. Uppsala research and the Innovation research the internationalization of the comapnies happen gradually as their perceived risk of foreign market decreases.
The gradual internationalization theory postulates that firms take the entry mode that requires less resource commitment (e.g. exporting) in the beginning of foreign market entry and then shift to another entry mode that demands more resource commitment (e.g. wholly owned subsidiary) as the perceived risks in the foreign market decrease (Uppsala).
Moreover, the gradual internationalization theory implicitly believes that firms enter markets that are psychically close to home market first and then gradually expand into other markets that have a higher psychic distance from the home market (Uppsala). Differences in language, culture, business environment, political and social system, and other factors that are heterogeneous in two markets may contribute to the psychic distance. It has been believed to be one of the most important factors that determine the gradual internationalization process of firms.
The gradual internationalization theory postulates that firms take the entry mode that requires less resource commitment (e.g. exporting) in the beginning of foreign market entry and then shift to another entry mode that demands more resource commitment (e.g. wholly owned subsidiary) as the perceived risks in the foreign market decrease (Uppsala).
Moreover, the gradual internationalization theory implicitly believes that firms enter markets that are psychically close to home market first and then gradually expand into other markets that have a higher psychic distance from the home market (Uppsala). Differences in language, culture, business environment, political and social system, and other factors that are heterogeneous in two markets may contribute to the psychic distance. It has been believed to be one of the most important factors that determine the gradual internationalization process of firms.
Saturday, March 10, 2012
Internationalization (I18N)
In economics, internationalization has been described as a process of increasing involvement of enterprises in international markets. A variety of theories explain the existence of the multinational companies and the I18N process.The models explain why do multinationals exist? What should be the pattern of I18N? What should be the entry mode?
The Uppsala Model
Probably the most know I18N model is the Uppsala Model developed in 1977 and conceptualizing I18N as a sequential, path dependent learning process. The model is based on empirical observations from studies in international business at the University of Uppsala, that showed that Swedish firms often develop their international operations in small steps, rather than by making large foreign production investments at single points in time.
The Uppsala Model
Probably the most know I18N model is the Uppsala Model developed in 1977 and conceptualizing I18N as a sequential, path dependent learning process. The model is based on empirical observations from studies in international business at the University of Uppsala, that showed that Swedish firms often develop their international operations in small steps, rather than by making large foreign production investments at single points in time.
Johanson & Vahlne (1977) observed that I18N is a gradual, incremental process, lack of foreign market knowledge create uncertainty and psychic distance disturb learning (accumulation of such knowledge). As a result companies will carry out gradual market commitments (investments). The firm will start exporting to similar/well known countries and gradually expand to other countries.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)